See kobylak on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kobyla",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kobyla"
],
[
"kobyła",
"kobyła#Polish"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos"
],
[
"*-eh₂kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂kos"
],
[
"*-āˀkas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-āˀkas"
],
[
"*-akъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-akъ#Proto-Slavic:_person_nouns"
],
[
"-ak",
"-ak#Old_Polish:_nominal"
],
[
"-ak",
"-ak#Polish"
],
[
"kobyła",
"kobyła#Polish"
],
[
"-ak",
"-ak#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "kobyła",
"4": "-ak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *kobyla\nPolish kobyła\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish kobylak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kobyła\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kobylak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"kobylak\">\nFrom kobyła + -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *kobyla\nPolish kobyła\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish kobylak\nFrom kobyła + -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobelok",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Łowicz"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kobylak m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧by‧lak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ko‧by‧lak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": ""
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Buckwheat family plants",
"orig": "pl:Buckwheat family plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"meadow dock (Rumex acutus)"
],
"id": "en-kobylak-pl-noun-VO5wPIFG",
"links": [
[
"Rumex acutus",
"Wikispecies:Rumex acutus"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kielce Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kielce Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "pl:Horse tack",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horse's leather shoe"
],
"id": "en-kobylak-pl-noun-ymwPYfGs",
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kielce) horse's leather shoe"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbɘ.lak/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔˈbɘ.lak]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘlak"
}
],
"word": "kobylak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kielce Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘlak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘlak/3 syllables",
"pl:Buckwheat family plants",
"pl:Horse tack"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kobyla",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kobyla"
],
[
"kobyła",
"kobyła#Polish"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos"
],
[
"*-eh₂kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂kos"
],
[
"*-āˀkas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-āˀkas"
],
[
"*-akъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-akъ#Proto-Slavic:_person_nouns"
],
[
"-ak",
"-ak#Old_Polish:_nominal"
],
[
"-ak",
"-ak#Polish"
],
[
"kobyła",
"kobyła#Polish"
],
[
"-ak",
"-ak#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "kobyła",
"4": "-ak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *kobyla\nPolish kobyła\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish kobylak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kobyła\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kobylak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"kobylak\">\nFrom kobyła + -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *kobyla\nPolish kobyła\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish kobylak\nFrom kobyła + -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobylaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobelok",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Łowicz"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kobylak m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧by‧lak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ko‧by‧lak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": ""
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"meadow dock (Rumex acutus)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rumex acutus",
"Wikispecies:Rumex acutus"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kielce Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"horse's leather shoe"
],
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kielce) horse's leather shoe"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbɘ.lak/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔˈbɘ.lak]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘlak"
}
],
"word": "kobylak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kobylak meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kielce",
"path": [
"kobylak"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobylak",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kielce",
"path": [
"kobylak"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobylak",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.